Random copolymer, laminate, and method for forming pattern

ABSTRACT

Provided are a random copolymer for forming a neutral layer promoting directed self-assembly pattern formation, a laminate for forming a pattern including the same, and a method for forming a high-quality pattern using the same.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No.10-2017-0105998 filed Aug. 22, 2017, the disclosure of which is herebyincorporated in its entirety by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following disclosure relates to pattern formation technology bydirected self-assembly, and more particularly, to a random copolymer forforming a neutral layer promoting directed self-assembly patternformation, and a method for forming a pattern using the same.

BACKGROUND

As a semiconductor device is miniaturized and integrated, the finenessof the circuit pattern is required. For this, improving light exposureequipment, or improving a pattern formation method has been studied.Among them, in the case of improving light exposure equipment, initialinvestment costs occur, and the usage of the conventional equipment islowered, and thus, studies on improvement of the method for forming apattern have received attention.

As an improved process for forming a pattern, a process of forming adirected self-assembly (DSA) pattern using self-aligning of a blockcopolymer (BCP) is listed. It is expected that a resist pattern having aline width of 20 nm or less which is difficult to be implemented by anoptical pattern formation process may be implemented, by the DSAprocess.

The DSA process is to graft an orientation characteristic of a blockcopolymer onto the existing photoresist pattern formation process, sothat the block copolymer is oriented in a constant direction, therebyforming a micronized resist pattern. Specifically, in the DSA process, apredetermined photoresist pattern or guide pattern is formed on asubstrate such as wafer and ITO glass, using the existing ArF, KrF orI-line photoresist composition, and then BCP is coated on a space regionbetween the photoresist patterns, and heated, thereby forming aBCP-coated film. Next, the coated thin film is heated to a glasstransition temperature (Tg) of BCP or higher, thereby rearranging,self-aligning or self-orienting BCP, and the rearranged BCP is partiallyremoved, thereby obtaining a self-aligned resist pattern having apredetermined regularity.

In order to form a fine pattern by self-aligning as such, generally aneutral layer should be formed as a lower film of BCP. Since a siliconwafer, ITO glass, and the like used in a semiconductor or LCD processhave different polarities depending on the materials, they interferewith the self-arrangement of BCP which is arranged depending on thepolarity, thereby making the formation of patterns difficult. Forexample, when the lower film of BCP is formed of a nonpolar material,the nonpolar portion of BCP is positioned adjacent to the lower film,and when the lower film is formed of a polar material, the polar portionof BCP is positioned adjacent to the lower film. As a result, thedesired lamellar structure pattern in vertical orientation is notformed, then a lamellar structure in horizontal orientation is formed.Accordingly, it is necessary to form a neutral layer on the lowerportion of BCP in order to form a lamellar structure pattern byvertically orienting BCP.

As the neutral layer-forming material as such, a hydroxy terminatedrandom copolymer, a BCB-based crosslinkable random copolymer, and thelike have been suggested.

However, the hydroxy terminated random copolymer has an unduly longpattern formation process time, which is about three days for a heattreatment time required for a neutral layer formation process. ABCB-based crosslinkable random copolymer is synthesized by a complicatedprocess, and has high process costs.

Thus, there is required a study on the material for forming a neutrallayer which may improve process costs and process efficiency, by reducedprocess time and raw material costs.

SUMMARY

An embodiment of the present invention is directed to providing a randomcopolymer for forming a neutral layer for promoting directedself-assembly pattern formation, which significantly reduces processtime and process costs.

An embodiment of the present invention is directed to providing a methodfor forming a pattern, having excellent chemical stability andsignificantly improved process efficiency, by forming a pattern within ashort time, using the random copolymer for forming a neutral layer.

In one general aspect, a random copolymer for forming a neutral layerincludes structural units represented by the following Chemical Formulae1 to 3:

wherein

R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ toC₁₀ hydrocarbyl group,

L₁ and L₂ are a linking group, and independently of each other a directbond, —C(═O)—O— or a C₁ to C₂₀ hydrocarbylene group,

R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ toC₁₀ hydrocarbyl group,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbylene group,

R₁₁ and R₁₂ are independently of each other a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbylgroup, a C₁ to C₁₀ halocarbyl group or a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀hydrocarbyl group, and

when mole fractions of Chemical Formulae 1 to 3 which are each randomlyarranged structural units are defined as m, n and 1, respectively inthis order, m, n and 1 satisfy 0.2<m<0.9, 0.2<n<0.9, and 0<1<0.4,respectively, based on total mole fractions of the structural units.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention,

in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3,

R₁ to R₈ may be independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁to C₁₀ alkyl group,

L₁ and L₂ may be a linking group, and independently of each other adirect bond, —C(═O)—O—, a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group or a C₆ to C₂₀arylene group,

R₉ and R₁₀ may be independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ toC₁₀ alkyl group,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ may be

L₃ may be a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and

R₁₁ and R₁₂ may be independently of each other a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group,a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention,

in Chemical Formula 3,

L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ may be —C(═O)—O— asthe linking group,

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group,

R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and

R₁₂ may be C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkylgroup or C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention,

in Chemical Formula 3,

L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ may be a C₆ to C₂₀arylene group as the linking group,

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group,

R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and

R₁₂ may be C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkylgroup or C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, in Chemical Formulae 1 and 2,

R₁ and R₃ may be independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀alkyl group,

R₂ may be a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, and

R₄ to R₈ may be independently of one another hydrogen or halogen.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, in Chemical Formula 3,

L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ may be —C(═O)—O— asthe linking group,

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group,

R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be C₁ to C₅ alkylene group, and

R₁₂ may be C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl groupor C₁ to C₅ haloalkyl group.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, in Chemical Formula 3,

L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ may be a C₆ to C₁₅arylene group as the linking group,

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group,

R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be C₁ to C₅ alkylene group,

R₁₂ may be C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl groupor C₁ to C₅ haloalkyl group.

For the random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, in Chemical Formulae 1 and 2,

R₁ and R₃ may be independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅alkyl group,

R₂ may be a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, and

R₄ to R₈ may be independently of one another hydrogen or halogen.

The random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may include 0.1 to 20 mol % of a monomer of the structuralunit represented by Chemical Formula 3, based on total 100 mol % of themonomers forming the random copolymer.

The random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000g/mol, and a polydispersity index of 1.0 to 2.0.

The laminate for forming a pattern according to an exemplary embodimentof the present invention may include a substrate, and a neutral layerincluding the random copolymer as described above, formed on thesubstrate.

The neutral layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may have a thickness variation value due to washing,satisfying the following Equation 1:

$\begin{matrix}\left| \frac{T_{0} - T_{1}}{T_{0}} \middle| {< 0.30} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

wherein T₀ is a thickness of the neutral layer before washing, and T₁ isa thickness of the neutral layer after washing.

The method for forming a pattern according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention may use the random copolymer as described abovewith a block copolymer.

The method for forming a pattern according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention may include: a) applying a random copolymersolution including the random copolymer on a substrate,

b) subjecting the applied random copolymer solution to heat treatment toform a neutral layer,

c) applying a block copolymer solution including the block copolymer onthe neutral layer, and

d) subjecting the applied block copolymer solution to heat treatment toform a pattern.

For the method for forming a pattern according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention, the random copolymer solution instep a) may have a concentration of 0.1 to 5 wt %.

For the method for forming a pattern according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment in step b) maybe performed at 230 to 300° C.

For the method for forming a pattern according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention, the neutral layer formed in step b)may have a thickness variation value due to washing, satisfying thefollowing Equation 1:

$\begin{matrix}\left| \frac{T_{0} - T_{1}}{T_{0}} \middle| {< 0.30} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

wherein T₀ is a thickness of the neutral layer before washing, and T₁ isa thickness of the neutral layer after washing.

The method for forming a pattern according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention may further include a step of partially etchingthe block copolymer, after heat treatment in step d).

Other features and aspects will be apparent from the following detaileddescription, the drawings, and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are photographs of a pattern observed by a scanningelectron microscope, after forming the pattern using the randomcopolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.In FIG. 1(a) is a pattern formed by PS-b-PMMA, and FIG. 1(b) is apattern formed by (PS-r-P4FS)-b-PMMA.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The advantages, features and aspects of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following description of the embodiments withreference to the accompanying drawings, which is set forth hereinafter.The present invention may, however, be embodied in different forms andshould not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will bethorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the presentinvention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used herein isfor the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is notintended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, thesingular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the pluralforms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It willbe further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,”when used in this specification, specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, butdo not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groupsthereof.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail withreference to the exemplary embodiments and Examples including theaccompanying drawings. However, the following exemplary embodiments andExamples are only a reference for describing the present invention indetail, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and may beimplemented in various forms.

In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical terms andscientific terms have the same meanings as those commonly understood bya person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, theterms used herein is only for effectively describing a certain exemplaryembodiment, and not intended to limit the present invention.

In addition, the singular form used in the specification and claimsappended thereto may be intended to also include a plural form, unlessotherwise indicated in the context.

In the present invention, “hydrocarbyl” refers to a radical having onebonding site derived from hydrocarbon, and specifically, for example,may be selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, allyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and thelike, or a combination thereof. “Hydrocarbylene” refers to a hydrocarbondivalent radical having two bonding sites derived from hydrocarbon. A“halo-substituted hydrocarbyl group” in the present invention refers tohydrocarbyl in which some of hydrogens are substituted by fluorine (F),chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I). A “halocarbyl group” refersto hydrocarbyl in which all hydrogens are substituted by fluorine (F),chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I).

An “alkyl group” described in the present invention includes both astraight chain or a branched chain form, and an “aryl group” refers toan organic radical derived from aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of onehydrogen, including a monocyclic or fused ring system containingsuitably 4 to 7, preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms in each ring, and even aform in which a plurality of aryls is linked by a single bond. Thespecific example of the aryl group includes an aromatic group such asphenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, indenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl,anthracenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, chrysenyl and naphthacenyl, but notlimited thereto. An “alkylene group” is an organic radical derived fromhydrocarbon by removal of two hydrogens. An “arylene group” is anorganic radical derived from aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of twohydrogens.

A “halo-substituted alkyl group” in the present invention refers to analkyl group in which hydrogen is substituted by halogen, unlessotherwise stated. Specifically, it refers to an alkyl group in whichsome of hydrogens are substituted by fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl),bromine (Br) or iodine (I). Here, alkyl in which all hydrogens aresubstituted by halogen is called, a “haloalkyl group”.

An “organic solvent” in the present invention is classified into asolvent used in polymerization, a solvent dissolving a polymerizedproduct, and a solvent dissolving a block or random copolymer, and allare not particularly limited to any kind. That is, the organic solventcapable of dissolving a polymer may be used without limitation, but itis preferred to use specifically exemplified ones, and the solvents maybe identical or different.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The inventors of the present invention found out that in the randomcopolymer including the structural units represented by the followingChemical Formulae 1 to 3, when the random copolymer includes thestructural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 3, aneutral layer having excellent degree of crosslinking and chemicalstability may be formed within a short time, and thus, a patternformation process time, and process costs may be significantly reduced,and a stably vertical orientation-directed self-assembly (DSA) patternmay be formed using self-alignment of a block copolymer on the neutrallayer, thereby completing the present invention. Thus, the neutral layeron the substrate may have a small thickness variation value due towashing, and excellent chemical stability, even in the case of beingsubjected to short-time heat treatment, by a carbamate ester group

included in structural unit represented by the following ChemicalFormula 3. In addition, it was found out that damage to the neutrallayer may be prevented by a follow-up process, and a verticallyoriented, high-quality pattern may be stably formed, and thus, thepresent invention has been completed.

The present invention may provide a random copolymer for forming aneutral layer including structural units represented by ChemicalFormulae 1 to 3:

wherein

R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ toC₁₀ hydrocarbyl group,

L₁ and L₂ are a linking group, and independently of each other a directbond, —C(═O)—O— or a C₁ to C₂₀ hydrocarbylene group,

R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ toC₁₀ hydrocarbyl group,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbylene group,

R₁₁ and R₁₂ are independently of each other a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbylgroup, or a C₁ to C₁₀ halocarbyl group or a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀hydrocarbyl group, and

when mole fractions of Chemical Formulae 1 to 3 which are each randomlyarranged structural units are defined as m, n and 1, respectively inthis order, m, n and 1 satisfy 0.2<m<0.9, 0.2<n<0.9, and 0<1<0.4,respectively, based on total mole fractions of the structural units.

The neutral layer including the random copolymer for forming a neutrallayer of the present invention is provided, thereby having a smallthickness variation value even with washing, and thus, the neutral layeris not affected by a follow-up process, and a lamellar phase in whichthe block copolymers vertically oriented may be stably formed on theneutral layer.

Preferably, in order to form a neutral layer which is stable and has anexcellent degree of crosslinking, even in the case of a heat treatmentprocess time being shortened, the random copolymer according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention may include the structuralunits represented by Chemical Formulae 1 to 3,

wherein

R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ toC₁₀ alkyl group,

L₁ and L₂ are a linking group, and independently of each other a directbond, —C(═O)—O—, a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group or a C₆ to C₂₀ arylenegroup,

R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ toC₁₀ alkyl group,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and

R₁₁ and R₁₂ are independently of each other a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, ora halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group or C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.

More specifically, in the structural unit represented by ChemicalFormula 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,R₁ and R₂ may be independently of each other selected from hydrogen or aC₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, specifically for example, R₁ and R₂ may beindependently of each other hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl,pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl. More preferably, R₁ and R₂ may beindependently of each other selected from hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkylgroup, specifically for example, R₁ and R₂ may be independently of eachother hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl.

In addition, in the structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, R₃ may behydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, and R₄ to R₈ may be independentlyof one another hydrogen or halogen.

Specifically for example, R₃ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl, and R₄ to R₈ may be independentlyof one another hydrogen, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) oriodine (I),

More preferably, R₃ may be hydrogen or C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, and R₄ toR₈ may be independently of one another hydrogen or halogen.

As a specific example, R₃ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butylor pentyl, and R₄ to R₈ may be independently of one another hydrogen,fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I),

As a more specific example, the structural unit represented by ChemicalFormula 2 may include any one structural unit selected from thefollowing structural formula 1, but not limited thereto:

wherein

X is halogen, specifically, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) oriodine (I).

In addition, in the structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 3 ofthe random copolymer according to a preferred exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention, L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, andL₂ may be —C(═O)—O— as the linking group.

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be

L₃ may be a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and R₁₂ may be a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylgroup, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkylgroup.

Specifically, R₉ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,hexyl, heptyl or octyl, R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene,hexylene, heptylene or octylene. In addition, R₁₂ may be methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, monofluoromethyl,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, monofluoroethyl, difluoroethyl,trifluoroethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or 1,1-difluoroethyl.

More preferably, R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, R₁₀ maybe

L₃ may be a C₁ to C₅ alkylene group, and R₁₂ may be a C₁ to C₅ alkylgroup, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₅ haloalkylgroup.

Specifically, R₉ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl orpentyl, R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene or pentylene. Inaddition, R₁₂ may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl,difluoroethyl, trifluoroethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or 1,1-fluoroethyl.

In the structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 3 of the randomcopolymer according to another preferred exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂may be a C₆ to C₂₀ arylene group as the linking group. Preferably, L₂may be a C₆ to C₁₅ arylene group as the linking group. Specifically, L₂may be phenylene, naphthylene or halo-substituted phenylene as thelinking group.

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be

L₃ may be a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and R₁₂ may be a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylgroup, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkylgroup.

Specifically, R₉ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,hexyl, heptyl or octyl, R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene,hexylene, heptylene or octylene. In addition, R₁₂ may be methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, monofluoromethyl,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl, difluoroethyl,trifluoroethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or 1,1-fluoroethyl.

R₉ may be hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be

L₃ may be a C₁ to C₅ alkylene group, and R₁₂ may be a C₁ to C₅ alkylgroup, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₅ haloalkylgroup.

Specifically, R₉ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl orpentyl, R₁₀ may be

and L₃ may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene or pentylene. Inaddition, R₁₂ may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl,difluoroethyl, trifluoroethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or 1,1-fluoroethyl.

As the thickness variation value due to washing is significantly loweredby adjusting the content of carbamate ester group of a structural unitrepresented by Chemical Formula 3, the damage to the neutral layer maybe prevented, and it is easy to form a vertical oriented lamellar phasepattern of the block copolymer formed on the neutral layer.

Therefore, the random copolymer according to the present invention maybe provided as a new random copolymer for forming a neutral layer bypolymerizing the structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 3 withvarious structural units represented by Chemical Formulae 1 and 2.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it ispreferred that the mole ratio of each structural unit of the randomcopolymer is differently adjusted depending on the number of introducedcarbamate ester groups as described below, in order to effectively formthe vertically oriented lamellar phase, and secure a high-qualitypattern. In addition, the mole ratios of the structural units ofChemical Formulae 1 and 2 may be differently adjusted depending on theconstitution of the structural unit of Chemical Formula 3.

Preferably, when mole fractions of Chemical Formulae 1 to 3 which areeach randomly arranged structural units according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention are defined as m, n and l,respectively in this order, m, n and l may satisfy 0.2<m<0.9, 0.2<n<0.9,and 0<l<0.4, respectively, based on total mole fractions of thestructural units. More preferably, m, n and l may satisfy 0.3<m<0.9,0.3<n<0.9, and 0<l<0.2. Here, when the structural unit of the randomcopolymer is a terpolymer of the structural units represented byChemical Formulae 1 to 3, m, n and l may satisfy m+n+l=1. It ispreferred to have the mole ratio as such, since a stable neutral layerwhich is not affected by a follow-up process may be formed, and avertically oriented lamellar phase is more effectively derived, therebyforming a fine, high-density and high-quality pattern.

More specifically, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, the random copolymer may include 0.1 to 20 mol %, preferably1 to 15 mol %, more preferably 2 to 12 mol %, most preferably 4 to 12mol % of the structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 3, based ontotal 100 mol % of the random copolymer. It is preferred to include thestructural unit within the range, since coating uniformity to asubstrate is improved, and a degree of crosslinking is excellent even inthe case of being subjected to short-time heat treatment.

In addition, the neutral layer is stably formed by crosslinking of thecarbamate ester group, so that it is not adversely affected byintermixing with the layer coated thereon, development, lightirradiation, stripping, and the like, and may have a thickness variationvalue before and after washing which is significantly small. Thus, thelamellar phase in which the block copolymer is vertically oriented isalmost completely aligned, so that the pattern may be stably formed.

The random copolymer according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000g/mol, preferably 1,000 to 100,000 g/mol, but not limited thereto. Inaddition, the random copolymer may have a polydispersity index of 1.0 to2.0 preferably 1.0 to 1.5 but not limited thereto. It is preferred thatthe random copolymer has the molecular weight and the polydispersityindex as described above, since it has excellent solubility to a solventwhen forming the neutral layer to improve coating uniformity on thesubstrate.

The method for preparing the random copolymer of the present inventionwill be described in detail.

The random copolymer of the present invention may be prepared bypolymerizing the compounds represented by the following ChemicalFormulae 4 to 6, and then adding alcohol to the polymerized product tocause a reaction. Specifically, an isocyanate group (—NCO) is convertedinto a carbamate ester group by alcohol, thereby capable of preparing arandom copolymer securing excellent chemical stability.

wherein

R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ toC₁₀ hydrocarbyl group,

L₁ and L₂ are a linking group, and independently of each other a directbond, —C(═O)—O—O or a C₁ to C₂₀ hydrocarbylene group,

R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ toC₁₀ hydrocarbyl group, —NCO or -L₃-NCO,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is selected from —NCO or -L₃-NCO, and

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbylene group.

More preferably, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, in Chemical Formulae 4 to 6,

R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ toC₁₀ alkyl group,

L₁ and L₂ are a direct bond, —C(═O)—O—, a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, or aC₆ to C₂₀ arylene group, as a linking group,

R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ toC₁₀ alkyl group, —NCO or -L₃-NCO,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is —NCO or -L₃-NCO, and

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group.

More specifically, in the compound represented by Chemical Formula 4according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, R₁ and R₂may be independently of each other hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group,and specifically for example, R₁ and R₂ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl. Preferably, R₁ and R₂ maybe independently of each other hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group,specifically for example, R₁ and R₂ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,propyl, butyl or pentyl.

Specifically for example, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 4may be selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl ethacrylate,ethyl ethacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butylacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutylmethacrylate and t-butyl methacrylate, and the like, but not limitedthereto.

In addition, in the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5 accordingto an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, R3 may be hydrogenor a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, and R₄ to R₈ may be independently of oneanother hydrogen or halogen.

Specifically for example, R₃ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl, and R₄ to R₈ may be independentlyof one another hydrogen, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) oriodine (I),

Preferably, R₃ may be hydrogen or C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, and R₄ to R₈ maybe independently of one another hydrogen or halogen.

Specifically for example, R₃ may be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl or pentyl, and R₄ to R₈ may be independently of one anotherhydrogen, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I).

Specifically for example, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 5may be selected from the group consisting of styrene, α-methylstyrene,o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, dimethyl styrene,flourostyrene, diflourostyrene, tetraflourostyrene, chlorostyrene,dichlorostyrene, tetrachlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dibromostyrene,tetrabromostyrene, fluorovinylbenzene, chlorovinylbenzene,bromovinylbenzene and iodovinylbenzene, and the like, but not limitedthereto.

In addition, in the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 of therandom copolymer according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂may be —C(═O)—O— as the linking group.

R₉ may be hydrogen or C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be —NCO or -L₃-NCO,and L₃ may be C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group. Specifically, R₉ may behydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl.L₃ may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene,heptylene or octylene.

Preferably, R₉ may be hydrogen or C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be —NCOor -L₃-NCO, and L₃ may be C₁ to C₅ alkylene group. Specifically, R₉ maybe hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. L₃ may bemethylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene or pentylene.

In the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 of the randomcopolymer according to another preferred exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, L₁ may be a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂is a C₆ to C₂₀ arylene group as the linking group, and preferably L₂ maybe C₆ to C₁₅ arylene group as the linking group, specifically L₂ may beselected from phenylene or naphthylene as the linking group.

R₉ may be hydrogen or C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be —NCO or -L₃-NCO,and L₃ may be C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group. Specifically, R₉ may behydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl.L₃ may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene,heptylene or octylene.

Preferably, R₉ may be hydrogen or C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, R₁₀ may be —NCOor -L₃-NCO, and L₃ may be C₁ to C₅ alkylene group. Specifically, R₉ maybe hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. L₃ may bemethylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene or pentylene.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, alcoholmay be added to a polymerized product solution in which a polymerizedproduct of the compound represented by Chemical Formulae 4 to 6 asdescribed above is dissolved in organic solvent, thereby synthesizing anisocyanate group into a carbamate ester group.

As the isocyanate group of the polymer is converted and synthesized intothe carbamate ester group by the reaction as such, a degree ofcrosslinking relative to the isocyanate group is somewhat reduced, butchemical stability is significantly improved, so that a fine,high-density and high-quality pattern may be formed, as a lamellar phasein which the block copolymer is vertically oriented on the neutrallayer, even in the case of being subjected to a follow-up process.Specifically, the isocyanate group has excellent reactivity with anucleophilic agent such as water and alcohol to have significantly lowstorage stability, while the carbamate ester group of the presentinvention has excellent chemical stability to have excellent storagestability, and thus, a fine, high-density and high-quality pattern maybe formed, as a lamellar phase in which the block copolymer isvertically oriented on the neutral layer, even in the case of beingsubjected to a follow-up process.

Specifically, the organic solvent to dissolve the polymerized product isnot particularly limited, but may be those other than alcohol.Specifically for example, it may be any one or a mixture of two or moreselected from the group consisting of methylene chloride (MC),chlorobenzene, toluene, benzene, chloromethane, chloroform,carbontetrachloride, dichloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane,1,2-dichloroethane, ethyl chloride, trichloroethane, 1-chloropropane,2-chloropropane, and the like.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, thealcohol may be specifically for example, any one or a mixture of two ormore selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol,isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, fluoromethanol, difluoromethanol,trifluoromethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol,2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethylethanol,1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 1H,1H-perfluorobutanol,1H,1H-perfluoropentanol, 1H,1H-perfluorohexanol, 1H,1H-perfluorooctanol,1H,1H-perfluorododecanol, 1H,1H-perfluoropentadecanol,1H,1H-perfluoroeicosanol, and the like.

As the random copolymer of the present invention is prepared byadjusting the content of a carbamate ester group

of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6, thereby having a lowthickness variation rate, and excellent chemical stability, and thus,the damage to the neutral layer by a follow-up process such as etchingmay be prevented, and it is easy to form a vertical oriented lamellarphase pattern of the block copolymer formed on the neutral layer. Inaddition, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 according tothe present invention may be polymerized with various compoundsrepresented by Chemical Formulae 4 and 5 to prepare a new randomcopolymer for forming a neutral layer.

Preferably, in the random copolymer of the present invention, when thecompound represented by Chemical Formula 4: the compound represented byChemical Formula 5: the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6 arerepresented by x:y:z, x, y and z represent the mole ratios of thecompounds, respectively, and are rational numbers satisfying 0.2<x<0.9,0.2<y<0.9, 0<z<0.4. More preferably, they may be rational numbersatisfying 0.3<x<0.9, 0.3<y<0.9, 0<z<0.2. Here, when the structural unitof the random copolymer is a terpolymer of the structural unitsrepresented by Chemical Formulae 1 to 3, x, y and z may satisfy x+y+z=1.It is preferred to have the mole ratio as such, since a stable neutrallayer which is not affected by a follow-up process may be formed, and avertically oriented lamellar phase is more effectively derived, therebyforming a fine, high-density and high-quality pattern.

Specifically, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, the random copolymer may include 0.1 to 20 mol %, preferably1 to 15 mol %, more preferably 2 to 12 mol %, most preferably 4 to 12mol % of the compound represented by Chemical Formula 6, based on total100 mol % of the compound forming the random copolymer. Within therange, coating uniformity to a substrate is improved, and crosslinkingmay occur with short-time heat treatment, thereby shortening a processtime. In addition, the neutral layer is stably formed by crosslinking ofthe carbamate ester group in the random copolymer, so that it may not beadversely affected by intermixing, development, light irradiation,stripping, and the like with the layer coated thereon, have a smallthickness variation value before and after washing, and have excellentchemical stability. Thus, with the lamellar phase in which the blockcopolymer is vertically oriented on the neutral layer, a fine,high-density and high-quality pattern may be formed.

The method for preparing the random copolymer of the present is notparticularly limited, however, preferably the random copolymer may beprepared by applying free radical polymerization, living radicalpolymerization or the like.

The example of the living radical polymerization method may includeanion polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP),polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT), a method of using an organic tellurium compound as an initiator,or the like, and an appropriate method may be adopted among thosemethods.

The polymerization of the random copolymer of the present invention maybe carried out including a radical initiator and a RAFT reagent, and theradical initiator is not particularly limited, but for example, may beany one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consistingof an azo-based compound, a peroxide-based compound, and the like.Specifically for example, it may be any one or a mixture of two or moreselected from the group consisting of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN),1,1-azobis(cyclohexane carbonitrile) (ABCN), benzoylperoxide (BPO),di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP), and the like.

The RAFT reagent may be specifically for example, any one or a mixtureof two or more selected from the group consisting ofS-1-dodecyl-S′-(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate,cyanoisopropyldithiobenzoate, cumyldithiobenzoate,cumylphenylthioacetate, 1-phenylethyl-1-phenyldithioacetate,4-cyano-4-(thiobenzoylthio)-N-succinimidevalerate, and the like.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, theradical initiator may be further added in a content of 0.1 to 10 mol %,preferably 0.1 to 5 mol % for deriving uniform polymerization, based ontotal 100 mol % of the compound forming the random copolymer of thepresent invention, but not limited thereto. In addition, the RAFTreagent may be further added in a content of 0.1 to 10 mol %, preferably0.1 to 5 mol %, based on total 100 mol % of the compound forming therandom copolymer of the present invention, but not limited thereto.

In the preparation method according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, the organic solvent used during polymerization is notlimited as long as it is a common organic solvent, however, it may beany one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consistingof propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methylene chloride(MC), chlorobenzene, toluene, benzene, chloromethane, chloroform,carbontetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethylchloride, trichloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, and thelike.

In addition, the neutral layer may be formed by dissolving the randomcopolymer of the present invention in the organic solvent capable ofdissolving the random copolymer, and then forming a film by a solutionprocess of applying the solution on the substrate, and specifically,formed by applying and coating the solution by any one method selectedfrom the group consisting of spin coating, slot die coating, inkjetprinting, screen printing, doctor blade, and the like, but not limitedthereto.

Another an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a laminatefor forming a pattern including the random copolymer as described above.

Specifically, the laminate for forming a pattern according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention may be formed on thesubstrate, and include a neutral layer including the random copolymer asdescribed above.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, thesubstrate is for forming the neutral layer thereon, and it is notparticularly limited as long as it is commonly used in the art, and thesubstrate may be in a shape of a wafer or film, and in terms of physicalproperties, the substrate may be a rigid substrate or a flexiblesubstrate. Specifically for example, the substrate may be selected fromthe group consisting of a silicon wafer, a silicon oxide substrate, asilicon nitride substrate, a glass substrate, a polymer substrate, andthe like, but not limited thereto.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, theneutral layer formed on the substrate may include the random copolymeras described above, and by including the neutral layer, the blockcopolymer may be stably vertically oriented on the neutral layer to forma pattern.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, thethickness of the neutral layer is not particularly limited, but may be 1to 100 nm, preferably 5 to 60 nm. It is preferred that the neutral layerhas the thickness as such, since the surface is uniform, the verticallamellar phase of the block copolymer is easily derived on the neutrallayer, and a high-quality pattern may be formed.

The neutral layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention may have a thickness variation value due to washing,satisfying the following Equation 1:

$\begin{matrix}\left| \frac{T_{0} - T_{1}}{T_{0}} \middle| {< 0.30} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

wherein T₀ is a thickness of the neutral layer before washing, and T₁ isa thickness of the neutral layer after washing.

Preferably, in order to form a high-quality, precise, verticallyoriented lamellar phase, the thickness variation value may be 0.27 orless, more preferably 0.25 or less, most preferably 0.20 or less.Specifically, the thickness variation value may be preferably 0.001 to0.27, more preferably 0.001 to 0.25, most preferably 0.001 to 0.20.

The washing in the present invention may be performed using any one or amixture of two or more selected from an organic solvent such aspropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol methylether (PGME), ethyl lactate (EL), toluene, and the like, or an alkalinesolvent such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), and the like.Preferably, toluene may be used, but not limited thereto.

The neutral layer of the present invention as such has a small thicknessvariation value due to washing, and thus, is not adversely affected byintermixing with the coated layer on the neutral layer, development,light irradiation, stripping, and the like, and may be stably formed.Thus, the change in the neutral layer or etching selectivity is notaffected even by a follow-up process such etching, and the lamellarphase in which the block copolymer is vertically oriented may be stablyformed on the neutral layer, which is preferred.

The method for forming a pattern according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention may use the random copolymer as described abovewith a block copolymer.

Specifically, the method for forming a pattern according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention may include:

a) applying a random copolymer solution including the random copolymeron a substrate,

b) subjecting the applied random copolymer solution to heat treatment toform a neutral layer,

c) applying a block copolymer solution including the block copolymer onthe neutral layer, and

d) subjecting the applied block copolymer solution to heat treatment toform a pattern.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, therandom copolymer solution in step a) may be provided by including therandom copolymer of the present invention and an organic solvent.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, theorganic solvent in the random copolymer solution may be any one or amixture thereof selected from the group consisting of propylene glycolmethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methylene chloride (MC), chlorobenzene,toluene, benzene, chloromethane, chloroform, carbontetrachloride,1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethyl chloride, trichloroethane,1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, and the like.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the random copolymer solution instep a) may have a concentration of 0.1 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.2 to 3wt %. Specifically, the random copolymer solution may include 0.1 to 5wt % of the random copolymer and 95 to 99.9 wt % of the organic solvent,and preferably 0.2 to 3 wt % of the random copolymer and 97 to 99.8 wt %of the organic solvent. It is preferred that the random copolymersolution is used within the range, since the solution may be evenlyapplied on the substrate, and a neutral layer which has a smallthickness variation value due to washing, and has excellent chemicalstability, thereby being stable even after a follow-up process, may beformed, even in the case of being subjected to short-time heattreatment.

In addition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, the neutral layer may be formed by a process of applying therandom copolymer solution on the substrate, specifically by applying andcoating the solution by any one method selected from the groupconsisting of spin coating, slot die coating, inkjet printing, screenprinting, doctor blade, and the like, but not limited thereto.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the heat treatment in step b) maybe performed at 230 to 300° C., preferably 240 to 280° C. Thetemperature as such is preferred, since excellent binding force with thesubstrate at the time of heat treatment may be possessed, the chemicalcrosslinking reaction between the random copolymers may be derived inthe neutral layer.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the heattreatment in step b) may be performed for 30 seconds to 50 minutes,preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes. More preferably, even when the heattreatment for forming the neutral layer may be performed for 1 minute to15 minutes, an excellent degree of crosslinking may occur. Even in thecase of being subjected to short-time heat treatment as such, the randomcopolymer of the present invention has an excellent chemicalcrosslinking reaction, and thus, the neutral layer has no influence onthe thickness change or etching selectivity even after a follow-upprocess, and a pattern of a vertical lamellar phase may be stablyformed, which is preferred.

In the method for forming a pattern according to an exemplary embodimentof the present invention, the neutral layer formed in step b) may have athickness variation value due to washing, satisfying the followingEquation 1:

$\begin{matrix}\left| \frac{T_{0} - T_{1}}{T_{0}} \middle| {< 0.30} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

wherein T₀ is a thickness of the neutral layer before washing, and T₁ isa thickness of the neutral layer after washing.

Preferably, in order to form a high-quality, precise, verticallyoriented lamellar phase, the thickness variation value may be 0.27 orless, more preferably 0.25 or less, most preferably 0.20 or less.

The neutral layer of the present invention as such has a small thicknessvariation value due to washing, and thus, may be stably formed withoutbeing adversely affected by intermixing with the coated layer on theneutral layer, development, light irradiation, stripping, and the like,and may be stably formed. In addition, since the change in the neutrallayer or etching selectivity is not affected even by a follow-up processsuch as etching, the lamellar phase in which the block copolymer isvertically oriented may be stably formed on the neutral layer to form afine and precise pattern.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the blockcopolymer in step c) is not particularly limited, however, specificallyfor example, any one or a mixture of two or more selected from the groupconsisting of polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polybutadiene-b-polybutylmethacrylate,polybutadiene-b-polydimethylsiloxane,polybutadiene-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polybutadiene-b-polyvinylpyridine,polybutylacrylate-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polybutylacrylate-b-polyvinylpyridine, polyisoprene-b-polyvinylpyridine,polyisoprene-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polyhexylacrylate-b-polyvinylpyridine,polyisobutylene-b-polybutylmethacrylate,polyisobutylene-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polyisobutylene-b-polybutylmethacrylate,polyisobutylene-b-polydimethylsiloxane,polybutylmethacrylate-b-polybutylacrylate,polyethylethylene-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polystyrene-b-polybutylmethacrylate, polystyrene-b-polybutadiene,polystyrene-b-polyisoprene, polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane,polystyrene-b-polyvinylpyridine, polyethylethylene-b-polyvinylpyridine,polyethylene-b-polyvinylpyridine,polyvinylpyridine-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polyethyleneoxide-b-polyisoprene, polyethyleneoxide-b-polybutadiene,polyethyleneoxide-b-polystyrene,polyethyleneoxide-b-polymethylmethacrylate,polyethyleneoxide-b-polydimethylsiloxane,polystyrene-b-polyethyleneoxide,polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polystyrene,polybutadiene-b-polybutylmethacrylate-b-polybutadiene,polybutadiene-b-polydimethylsiloxane-b-polybutadiene,polybutadiene-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polybutadienepolybutadiene-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polybutadiene,polybutylacrylate-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polybutylacrylate,polybutylacrylate-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polybutylacrylate,polyisoprene-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polyisoprene,polyisoprene-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polyisoprene,polyhexylacrylate-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polyhexylacrylate,polyisobutylene-b-polybutylmethacrylate-b-polyisobutylene,polyisobutylene-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polyisobutylene,polyisobutylene-b-polydimethylsiloxane-b-polyisobutylene,polybutylmethacrylate-b-polybutylacrylate-b-polybutylmethacrylate,polyethylethylene-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polyethylethylene,polystyrene-b-polybutylmethacrylate-b-polystyrene,polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene,polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene,polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane-b-polystyrene,polystyrene-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polystyrene,polyethylethylene-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polyethylethylene,polyethylene-b-polyvinylpyridine-b-polyethylene,polyvinylpyridine-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polyvinylpyridine,polyethyleneoxide-b-polyisoprene-b-polyethyleneoxide,polyethyleneoxide-b-polybutadiene-b-polyethyleneoxide,polyethyleneoxide-b-polystyrene-b-polyethyleneoxide,polyethyleneoxide-b-polymethylmethacrylate-b-polyethyleneoxide,polyethyleneoxide-b-polydimethylsiloxane-b-polyethyleneoxide,polystyrene-b-polyethyleneoxide-b-polystyrene, and the like, but notparticularly limited thereto.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, therandom copolymer solution in step c) may be provided by including theblock copolymer of the present invention and an organic solvent.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, theorganic solvent in the block copolymer solution may be any one or amixture thereof selected from the group consisting of propylene glycolmethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methylene chloride (MC), chlorobenzene,toluene, benzene, chloromethane, chloroform, carbontetrachloride,1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethyl chloride, trichloroethane,1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, and the like.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the block copolymer solution instep c) may have a concentration of 0.1 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.2 to 3wt %. Specifically, the block copolymer solution may include 0.1 to 5 wt% of the random copolymer and 95 to 99.9 wt % of the organic solvent,and preferably 0.2 to 3 wt % of the block copolymer and 97 to 99.8 wt %of the organic solvent. It is preferred to use the block copolymersolution within the range, since the block copolymer may be verticallyoriented by a short-time self assembly process.

Next, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, theheat treatment in step d) is not particularly limited as long as it isperformed under the condition that the block copolymer may bespontaneously self-assembled, however, the heat treatment may beperformed by heating the block copolymer to a glass transitiontemperature thereof or higher to align the block copolymer. Specificallyfor example, the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 150to 300° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours. Within this range, the blockcopolymer may effectively form a pattern having a vertically orientedlamellar structure. In terms of forming a more highly aligned lamellarpattern, the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 200 to250° C. for 3 minutes to 12 hours.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, afterheat treatment in step d), a step of partially etching the blockcopolymer may be further included. The etching step may be performed bywet etching, dry etching, or a combination thereof, but in terms offorming a high-quality fine pattern, it is preferred to perform it bydry etching.

Hereinafter, the preferred Examples and Comparative Examples of thepresent invention will be described. However, the following Examples areonly preferred one exemplary embodiment, and the present invention isnot limited thereto.

EXAMPLE 1

AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile), cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate, methylmethacrylate, styrene, and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate were dissolvedat a concentration of 50 wt % in benzene, at a mole ratio of1:5:550:420:30. Thereafter, the reaction was performed at 80° C. for 18hours under nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize a random copolymer havingan isocyanate content of 3 mol %.

1 g of the thus-prepared random copolymer was dissolved in 10 ml ofdichloromethane, and 2 ml of methanol was added thereto, and stirred atroom temperature for 10 hours, thereby synthesizing a random copolymerhaving a methyl carbamate group

a number average molecular weight of 15,700 g/mol, and a molecularweight distribution of 1.18.

EXAMPLE 2

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that ethanolinstead of methanol was used. The thus-prepared random copolymer hadphysical properties of a number average molecular weight of 15,800 g/moland a molecular weight distribution of 1.17.

EXAMPLE 3

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that isopropanolinstead of methanol was used. The thus-prepared random copolymer hadphysical properties of a number average molecular weight of 15,800 g/moland a molecular weight distribution of 1.18.

EXAMPLE 4

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except thatfluoromethanol instead of methanol was used. The thus-prepared randomcopolymer had physical properties of a number average molecular weightof 16,200 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution of 1.16.

EXAMPLE 5

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that2,2,2-trifluoromethanol instead of methanol was used. The thus-preparedrandom copolymer had physical properties of a number average molecularweight of 16,200 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution of 1.16.

EXAMPLE 6

AIBN(azobisisobutyronitrile), cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate, methylmethacrylate, styrene, and 1-isocyanato-4-vinylbenzene were dissolved ata concentration of 50 wt % in benzene, at a mole ratio of1:5:550:420:30. Thereafter, the reaction was performed at 80° C. for 18hours under nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize a random copolymer havingan isocyanate content of 3 mol %.

1 g of the thus-prepared random copolymer was dissolved in 10 ml ofdichloromethane, and 2 ml of methanol was added thereto, and stirred atroom temperature for 10 hours, thereby synthesizing a random copolymerhaving a carbamate ester group, a number average molecular weight of15,600 g/mol, and a molecular weight distribution of 1.17.

EXAMPLE 7

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that the moleratio of methyl methacrylate, styrene and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylatewas changed into 530:420:50, so that an isocyanate content is 5 mol %,thereby synthesizing a random copolymer having a number averagemolecular weight of 15,700 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution of1.18.

EXAMPLE 8

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that the moleratio of methyl methacrylate, styrene and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylatewas changed into 480:420:100, so that an isocyanate content is 10 mol %,thereby synthesizing a random copolymer having a number averagemolecular weight of 15,700 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution of1.19.

EXAMPLE 9

The same process as in Example 1 was performed except that the moleratio of methyl methacrylate, styrene and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylatewas changed into 430:420:150, so that an isocyanate content is 15 mol %,thereby synthesizing a random copolymer having a number averagemolecular weight of 14,800 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution of1.20.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

AIBN(azobisisobutyronitrile), a RAFT reagent (cyanoisopropyldithiobenzoate), methyl methacrylate, and styrene were dissolved at aconcentration of 50 wt % in benzene, at a mole ratio of 1:5:500:500.Thereafter, the reaction was performed at 80° C. for 18 hours undernitrogen atmosphere to synthesize a random copolymer having a numberaverage molecular weight of 14,400 g/mol, and a molecular weightdistribution of 1.2.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

AIBN(azobisisobutyronitrile), a RAFT reagent (cyanoisopropyldithiobenzoate), methyl methacrylate, styrene, and glycidyl methacrylatewere dissolved at a concentration of 50 wt % in benzene, at a mole ratioof 1:5:480:420:100. Thereafter, the reaction was performed at 80° C. for18 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize a random copolymerhaving a number average molecular weight of 15,400 g/mol, and amolecular weight distribution of 1.23.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

AIBN(azobisisobutyronitrile), a RAFT reagent (cyanoisopropyldithiobenzoate), methyl methacrylate, styrene, and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate were dissolved at a concentration of 50 wt % in benzene, ata mole ratio of 1:5:480:420:100. Thereafter, the reaction was performedat 80° C. for 18 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize a randomcopolymer having a number average molecular weight of 14,000 g/mol, anda molecular weight distribution of 1.24.

EVALUATION EXAMPLE 1

The random copolymers prepared in Examples 1 to 9, and ComparativeExample 3 were dissolved in PGMEA (propylene glycol methyl etheracetate) at 2 wt % or 0.5 wt %, and then the random copolymer solutionswere applied on a SiO₂ substrate by spin coating, and subjected to heattreatment under the different temperature and time conditions as shownin the following Table 1 in the nitrogen state to form neutral layers.After the heat treatment, the neutral layers were washed with toluene,and the thickness thereof was measured using ellipsometry and shown inTable 1.

TABLE 1 Random Thickness (nm) copolymer Heat Heat After solutiontreatment treatment coating/ Thickness concentration temperature timebefore After variation (wt %) (° C.) (min) washing washing value Example1 0.5 250 2 13.9 10.5 0.244 5 13.9 11.0 0.208 10 13.9 12.2 0.122 30 13.913.0 0.064 270 2 13.9 11.2 0.194 5 13.9 12.9 0.071 10 13.9 13.5 0.028 3013.9 13.8 0.007 2 250 2 51.8 40.3 0.222 5 51.8 42.5 0.179 10 51.8 45.30.125 30 51.8 47.2 0.088 270 2 51.8 40.5 0.218 5 51.8 42.8 0.173 10 51.845.5 0.121 30 51.8 47.4 0.084 Example 2 0.5 250 2 13.5 10.4 0.229 5 13.510.9 0.192 10 13.5 12.1 0.103 30 13.5 12.9 0.044 270 2 13.5 11.2 0.170 513.5 12.8 0.051 10 13.5 12.9 0.044 30 13.5 13.0 0.037 2 250 2 52.0 40.30.225 5 52.0 42.4 0.184 10 52.0 45.4 0.126 30 52.0 47.3 0.090 270 2 52.040.4 0.223 5 52.0 42.7 0.178 10 52.0 45.6 0.123 30 52.0 47.3 0.090Example 3 0.5 250 2 13.8 10.5 0.239 5 13.8 10.9 0.210 10 13.8 11.9 0.13730 13.8 13.1 0.050 270 2 13.8 11.0 0.202 5 13.8 12.8 0.072 10 13.8 13.10.050 30 13.8 13.5 0.021 2 250 2 52.1 40.4 0.224 5 52.1 43.1 0.172 1052.1 45.4 0.128 30 52.1 47.0 0.097 270 2 52.1 40.5 0.222 5 52.1 42.60.182 10 52.1 45.4 0.128 30 52.1 47.5 0.088 Example 4 0.5 250 2 12.9 9.80.240 5 12.9 10.0 0.224 10 12.9 10.9 0.155 30 12.9 12.1 0.062 270 2 12.910.0 0.224 5 12.9 10.1 0.217 10 12.9 11.0 0.147 30 12.9 12.2 0.054 2 2502 50.1 39.1 0.219 5 50.1 39.8 0.205 10 50.1 44.9 0.103 30 50.1 46.10.079 270 2 50.1 39.3 0.215 5 50.1 39.7 0.207 10 50.1 45.1 0.099 30 50.146.7 0.067 Example 5 0.5 250 2 13.2 10.1 0.234 5 13.2 10.8 0.181 10 13.211.9 0.098 30 13.2 12.5 0.053 270 2 13.2 10.0 0.242 5 13.2 10.7 0.189 1013.2 12.0 0.090 30 13.2 12.6 0.045 2 250 2 52.3 41.3 0.210 5 52.3 43.50.168 10 52.3 46.2 0.116 30 52.3 48.2 0.078 270 2 52.3 41.5 0.206 5 52.343.6 0.166 10 52.3 46.7 0.107 30 52.3 48.7 0.068 Example 6 0.5 250 213.2 9.9 0.250 5 13.2 10.1 0.234 10 13.2 11.1 0.159 30 13.2 11.8 0.106270 2 13.2 10.9 0.174 5 13.2 11.8 0.106 10 13.2 11.9 0.098 30 13.2 12.00.090 2 250 2 51.9 40.2 0.225 5 51.9 41.9 0.192 10 51.9 44.8 0.136 3051.9 46.8 0.098 270 2 51.9 40.5 0.219 5 51.9 41.7 0.196 10 51.9 44.60.140 30 51.9 46.7 0.100 Example 7 0.5 250 2 12.1 10.2 0.157 5 12.1 10.60.123 10 12.1 11.1 0.082 30 12.1 11.3 0.066 270 2 12.1 10.4 0.140 5 12.110.5 0.132 10 12.1 11.3 0.066 30 12.1 11.6 0.041 2 250 2 52.1 44.3 0.1495 52.1 47.1 0.095 10 52.1 47.8 0.082 30 52.1 48.1 0.076 270 2 52.1 44.70.142 5 52.1 45.1 0.134 10 52.1 47.4 0.090 30 52.1 48.4 0.071 Example 80.5 250 2 13.6 11.9 0.125 5 13.6 12.0 0.117 10 13.6 12.4 0.088 30 13.612.7 0.066 270 2 13.6 11.9 0.125 5 13.6 12.1 0.110 10 13.6 12.6 0.073 3013.6 12.8 0.058 2 250 2 51.8 44.8 0.131 5 51.8 47.2 0.088 10 51.8 47.50.083 30 51.8 48.0 0.073 270 2 51.8 45.1 0.129 5 51.8 47.2 0.088 10 51.847.8 0.077 30 51.8 48.2 0.069 Example 9 0.5 250 2 12.9 9.5 0.263 5 12.99.8 0.240 10 12.9 10.5 0.186 30 12.9 10.8 0.162 270 2 12.9 9.9 0.232 512.9 10.2 0.209 10 12.9 10.6 0.178 30 12.9 11.0 0.147 2 250 2 52.1. 39.40.243 5 52.1. 39.6 0.239 10 52.1. 41.2 0.209 30 52.1. 42.9 0.176 270 252.1. 39.0 0.251 5 52.1. 39.3 0.245 10 52.1. 41.5 0.203 30 52.1. 43.60.163 Comparative 0.5 250 2 9.8 5.1 0.479 Example 1 10 9.8 5.5 0.438 309.8 5.4 0.448 270 2 9.8 5.2 0.469 10 9.8 5.2 0.469 30 9.8 5.5 0.438Comparative 0.5 250 2 10.7 6.9 0.316 Example 2 10 10.7 7.0 0.306 30 10.77.0 0.297 270 2 10.7 7.1 0.287 10 10.7 7.2 0.297 30 10.7 7.1 0.277Comparative 0.5 250 2 10.1 5.9 0.415 Example 3 10 10.1 6.0 0.406 30 10.16.1 0.397 270 2 10.1 6.2 0.386 10 10.1 6.1 0.397 30 10.1 6.3 0.376

As shown in Table 1, it is recognized that there was almost no change inthickness of the thin film of the random copolymer which was subject toheat treatment after applying the random copolymer of the presentinvention. This means that sufficient crosslinking was performed evenwithin a short time due to the carbamate ester group in the randomcopolymer of the present invention. Through this, the neutral layerformation process time may be shortened. On the neutral layer of thepresent invention formed as such, the block copolymer was used toeffectively form a vertically oriented lamellar phase, which is notaffected by follow-up processes, thereby stably forming a pattern.

In particular, in Examples 1 to 9, the thickness variation value due towashing was significantly reduced as compared with the ComparativeExamples, and thus, it was confirmed that when coating the blockcopolymer on the neutral layer to form a thin film, a pattern was stablyformed. In Example 6, as the content of the carbamate ester group in therandom copolymer was somewhat low, a degree of crosslinking wasresultingly somewhat decreased, and in Example 9, as the content of thecarbamate ester group in the random copolymer was increased, stiffnesswas rather increased, thereby resulting in a decrease in the stabilityof the neutral layer. Preferably, when being further subjected to heattreatment within 10 minutes, in Examples 7 and 8, there was almost nochange in thickness due to washing, as compared with the ComparativeExamples, and thus, it was confirmed that when coating the blockcopolymer on the neutral layers of Examples 7 and 8 to form a thin film,a fine and precise, high-quality pattern may be formed.

In addition, when using the random copolymer which does not include thecarbamate ester group as in Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3, acrosslinking property was deteriorated within a short time to rapidlychange the thickness variation due to washing, and the neutral effectwas decreased, and thus, it was not easy to form a vertically orientedlamellar phase using the block copolymer.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

A random copolymer solution of the random copolymer prepared in Example1 dissolved in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) at 0.5 wt %was applied on a SiO₂ substrate by spin coating, and subjected to heatcrosslinking treatment at 250° C. for 2 minutes in the nitrogen state,thereby forming a neutral layer. Next, the block copolymer which wasPS-b-PMMA having a number average molecular weight of 94 kg/mol and aratio of PS:PMMA=48:46 was dissolved in propylene glycol methyl etheracetate (PGMEA), and then the solution was applied on the neutral layer,and subjected to heat treatment at 230° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum.

The photographs thereof taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM,Hitachi-s4800) are shown in FIG. 1. Based on the neutral treatment ofthe surface, it was confirmed that the block copolymer formed a fine,high-quality and high-density vertical lamellar phase.

In addition, even in the case of using the block copolymer assynthesized as described below, identically based on the neutraltreatment of the surface, it was confirmed from FIG. 1 that the blockcopolymer formed a fine, high-quality and high-density vertical lamellarphase pattern.

The block copolymer was prepared by dissolving AIBN(Azobisisobutyronitrile), cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate andmethylmethacrylate at a concentration of 50 wt % in benzene at a moleratio of 1:5:2800. Thereafter, the reaction was performed at 80° C. for6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to synthesize a macroinitiator havinga number average molecular weight of 45,400 g/mol, and a molecularweight distribution of 1.2. Thereafter, the macroinitiator, AIBN,styrene and pentafluorostyrene at a mole ratio of 1:0.2:900:100 weredissolved in dioxane at a concentration of 60 wt %, and the reaction wasperformed at 70° C. for 24 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to synthesizea random copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 95,200g/mol, and a molecular weight distribution of 1.2.

Therefore, when deriving a self-arrangement of the block copolymer onthe neutral layer including the random copolymer of the presentinvention to form a pattern, the vertical oriented lamellar phase may beformed into a stable and high-quality pattern.

Hereinabove, although the present invention has been described by thespecific matters and specific exemplary embodiments, they have beenprovided only for assisting in the entire understanding of the presentinvention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to theexemplary embodiments. Various modifications and changes may be made bythose skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains fromthis description.

The random copolymer for forming a neutral layer according to thepresent invention may significantly reduce process time and processcosts, and promote vertical orientation-directed self-assembly patternformation.

The laminate for forming a pattern according to the present inventionincludes the neutral layer including the random copolymer of the presentinvention, thereby having excellent chemical stability, so that athickness variation value due to washing is small, and also excellentstability may be secured even after a follow-up process such as etching.

The method for forming a pattern according to the present invention mayform a lamellar phase in which a block copolymer is stably verticallyoriented on the laminate for forming a neutralized pattern, therebyforming a perfectly aligned, high-quality pattern.

Therefore, the spirit of the present invention should not be limited tothe above-described exemplary embodiments, and the following claims aswell as all modified equally or equivalently to the claims are intendedto fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A laminate for forming a pattern, comprising: a substrate, and a neutral layer formed on the substrate and including a random copolymer comprising structural units represented by the following Chemical Formulae 1 to 3:

wherein: R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl group, L₁ and L₂ are a linking group, and independently of each other a direct bond, —C(═O)—O— or a C₁ to C₂₀ hydrocarbylene group, R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl group,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbylene group, R₁₁ and R₁₂ are independently of each other a C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl group, a C₁ to C₁₀ halocarbyl group or a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ hydrocarbyl group, and when mole fractions of Chemical Formulae 1 to 3 which are each randomly arranged structural units are defined as m, n and l, respectively in this order, m, n and l satisfy 0.2<m<0.9, 0.2<n<0.9, and 0<l<0.4, respectively, based on total mole fractions of the structural units.
 2. The laminate of claim 1, wherein the neutral layer has a thickness variation value due to washing, satisfying the following Equation 1: $\begin{matrix} \left| \frac{T_{0} - T_{1}}{T_{0}} \middle| {< 0.30} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$ wherein T₀ is a thickness of the neutral layer before washing, and T₁ is a thickness of the neutral layer after washing.
 3. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3, R₁ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen, halogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, L₁ and L₂ are a linking group, and independently of each other a direct bond, —C(═O)—O—, a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group or a C₆ to C₂₀ arylene group, R₉ and R₁₀ are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group,

and at least one of R₉ and R₁₀ is

L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and R₁₁ and R₁₂ are independently of each other a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, or a C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.
 4. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 3, L₁ is a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ is —C(═O)—O— as the linking group, R₉ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ is

and L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and R₁₂ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group or C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.
 5. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 3, L₁ is a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ is a C₆ to C₂₀ arylene group as the linking group, R₉ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ is

and L₃ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkylene group, and R₁₂ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₁₀ haloalkyl group.
 6. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, R₁ and R₃ are independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₂ is a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, and R₄ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen or halogen.
 7. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 3, L₁ is a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ is —C(═O)—O— as the linking group, and R₉ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₁₀ alkyl group, R₁₀ is

and L₃ is a C₁ to C₅ alkylene group, and R₁₂ is a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₅ haloalkyl group.
 8. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 3, L₁ is a direct bond as the linking group, and L₂ is a C₆ to C₁₅ arylene group as the linking group, R₉ is hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, R₁₀ is

and L₃ is a C₁ to C₅ alkylene group, R₁₂ is a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, a halo-substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl group or a C₁ to C₅ haloalkyl group.
 9. The laminate of claim 1, wherein in Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, R₁ and R₃ are independently of one another hydrogen or a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, R₂ is a C₁ to C₅ alkyl group, and R₄ to R₈ are independently of one another hydrogen or halogen.
 10. The laminate of claim 1, wherein the random copolymer includes 0.1 to 20 mol % of a monomer of the structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 3, based on total 100 mol % of the monomers forming the random copolymer.
 11. The laminate of claim 1, wherein the random copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000 g/mol, and a polydispersity index of 1.0 to 2.0.
 12. The laminate of claim 1, further comprising a vertical oriented lamellar phase pattern of a block copolymer formed on the neutral layer. 